Heat the oven to 350°F and line the baking pan with parchment paper so the bars lift out easily.
Press about two-thirds of the cookie dough evenly into the bottom of the pan. It should feel firm and level.
Sprinkle chocolate chips over the dough so they are spread out but not piled up.
Spoon the caramel over the chocolate layer and gently spread it. It should look glossy and thick.
Drop small pieces of the remaining dough over the caramel. Do not cover it completely.
Bake until the top is lightly golden and the center still looks soft, about 30–35 minutes.
Sprinkle flaky salt on top while the bars are warm, then let them cool before cutting.